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Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability · CVE-2025-54887

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard.

Published Aug 8, 2025 · catalog updated Aug 8, 2025 · jwe is a Ruby

Last checked Oct 29, 2026. A connected source was read within the last 7 days.

Check if you run it

No confirmed exploitation is on record for CVE-2025-54887. EPSS is 0.27%. Act only if a listed version of jwe is a Ruby is installed.

Gaps on this record

  • The stored product name is a package slug. The name on this page is taken from the title (jwe is a Ruby).
  • No vendor fix or required action is stored. Compare the linked advisory before you change production.
Severity
Critical9.1
Known exploitation
Not in CISA/VulnCheck KEV
EPSS
0.27%
Remediation
Version ranges on file
Affected products
vendor jwt ruby-jwe < 1.1.1

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked,

Are you affected?

Enter the version you run. The result uses only the ranges stored on this record.

The check returns affected, not affected, or incomplete. It does not guess a version that is missing from the record.

  • vendor jwt ruby-jwe < 1.1.1< 1.1.1

How to fix CVE-2025-54887

What to do

Three questions, each answered from this record only. Confirm the vendor advisory before you patch.

Should you patch?

No confirmed exploitation is on record for CVE-2025-54887. EPSS is 0.27%. Act only if a listed version of jwe is a Ruby is installed.

Which versions are affected?

Compare what you have installed with jwt ruby-jwe < 1.1.1 < 1.1.1. Compare the installed version with the linked vendor advisory before you change production.

What should an analyst verify?

No weakness class is stored. EPSS 0.27%. There is no CISA KEV listing. No Exploit-DB or Metasploit reference is linked. Use the source links for the original advisory.

Code

The project this record applies to. Exploit listings stay in References.

Timeline

Detection, updates, and resolution for this record.

  1. Aug 8, 2025 · EUVD

    Detected

    jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences

  2. Aug 8, 2025 · EUVD

    Updated

    jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences

Sources

  • CVE.orgVulnerability recordCVE-2025-54887

    Official CVE identifier

    cve.org
  • FIRST EPSSExploitation probabilityCVE-2025-54887

    30-day exploitation probability 0.27%

    first.org
  • EUVDVulnerability recordEUVD-2025-23966

    jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts

    euvd.enisa.europa.eu

References

Freshness

Last verified in this catalog Oct 29, 2026. Significant claims (KEV, EPSS, CVSS, affected ranges) come from the source rows above — open the original publisher for the authoritative advisory.

  • FIRST EPSSOct 29, 2026
  • CVE.orgOct 21, 2026
  • EUVDOct 20, 2026