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Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability · CVE-2026-4878

Libcap: libcap: privilege escalation via toctou race condition in cap_set_file()

Published Apr 9, 2026 · catalog updated Oct 14, 2026 · libcap project

Check if you run it

No confirmed exploitation is on record for CVE-2026-4878. EPSS is 0.14%. Act only if a listed version of libcap project is installed.

Gaps on this record

  • No vendor fix or required action is stored. Compare the linked advisory before you change production.
Severity
High7.0
Known exploitation
Not in CISA/VulnCheck KEV
EPSS
0.14%
Remediation
Not established
Affected products
cpe libcap project/libcap · cpe redhat/enterprise linux · cpe redhat/openshift container platform · vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 · vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support · vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

Are you affected?

Enter the version you run. The result uses only the ranges stored on this record.

The check returns affected, not affected, or incomplete. It does not guess a version that is missing from the record.

  • cpe libcap project/libcapversion unspecified
  • cpe redhat/enterprise linux10.0
  • cpe redhat/enterprise linux8.0
  • cpe redhat/enterprise linux9.0
  • cpe redhat/openshift container platform4.0
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10version unspecified
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Supportversion unspecified
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8version unspecified
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Supportversion unspecified
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-Onversion unspecified
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Serviceversion unspecified
  • vendor Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutionsversion unspecified

How to fix CVE-2026-4878

What to do

Three questions, each answered from this record only. Confirm the vendor advisory before you patch.

Should you patch?

No confirmed exploitation is on record for CVE-2026-4878. EPSS is 0.14%. Act only if a listed version of libcap project is installed.

Which versions are affected?

Compare what you have installed with redhat/enterprise linux 10.0; redhat/enterprise linux 8.0; redhat/enterprise linux 9.0; redhat/openshift container platform 4.0. Compare the installed version with the linked vendor advisory before you change production.

What should an analyst verify?

CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition. EPSS 0.14%. There is no CISA KEV listing. No Exploit-DB or Metasploit reference is linked. Use the source links for the original advisory.

Code

The project this record applies to. Exploit listings stay in References.

No public source repository is identified for this product.

Timeline

Detection, updates, and resolution for this record.

  1. Apr 9, 2026 · Catalog

    Detected

    A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

  2. Oct 14, 2026 · Catalog

    Updated

    A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

  3. Oct 14, 2026 · NIST NVD

    Updated

    A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

Sources

  • CIRCL Vulnerability LookupVulnerability recordCVE-2026-4878

    A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing s

    vulnerability.circl.lu
  • CVE.orgVulnerability recordCVE-2026-4878

    Official CVE identifier

    cve.org
  • FIRST EPSSExploitation probabilityCVE-2026-4878

    30-day exploitation probability 0.1%

    first.org
  • NIST NVDVulnerability recordCVE-2026-4878

    A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled

    nvd.nist.gov

References

Freshness

Last verified in this catalog Oct 18, 2026. Significant claims (KEV, EPSS, CVSS, affected ranges) come from the source rows above — open the original publisher for the authoritative advisory.